Plural Nouns to Remember

    Today we are remembering another issue we have previously discussed, because the plural nouns are used frequently and we must keep in mind the spelling.
     Most nouns make their plurals by simply adding –s to the end (e.g. cat/cats, book/books, journey/journeys). Some do change their endings, though, the main types of noun that do this are:

1. Words ending in a consonant + "y": "y" changes to "i" and add "es".
party / parties (fiesta/s)
city / cities (ciudad/es)

2. Words ending in a vowel + "and" add an "s".
boy / boys (chico/s)
toy / toys (juguete/s)

3. Words ending in "s", "ss", "sh", "ch", "x", "or" add "is".
bus / buses (bus/es)
glass / glasses (copa/s)
brush / brushes (cepillo/s)
watch / watches (reloj/es)
box / boxes (caja/s)
tomato / tomatoes (tomate/s)
 There’s one exception to this rule. If the -ch ending is pronounced with a ‘k’ sound, you add -s rather than -es:
singular    plural
stomach    stomachs
epoch    epochs
4. Words that end in -f or -fe usually change the f sound to a v sound and add s or -es.
leaf / leaves (hoja/s)
wife / wives (esposa/s)
There are, however, exceptions: more than one dwarf = dwarfs; more than one roof = roofs


     SpellingCity gives an interesting list of words that includes many of the rules discussed above.

Fingers                                                  

     
   Many other nouns are pluralized in an irregular manner. There are two cases:
   




Foxes

  

 1. When the plural and singular do not change.
 
fish (peces o pescados)        sheep (ovejas)         




Wishes
   2. When the plural varies irregularly. There are several nouns that have irregular plural forms. Plurals formed in this way are sometimes called mutated (or mutating) plurals.



 Cities

   
    more than one child = children
    more than one woman = women
    




 Visitors

   
    
    more than one goose = geese
    more than one barracks = barracks
   






Ladies

    
    
    more than one man = men
    more than one person = people  






Classes

 more than one deer = deer
 more than one tooth = teeht





Wolves

  
more than one foot = feet
more than one goose = geese






Mice

more than one louse = lice
more than one cactus = cacti





Branches

  
  more than one appendix = appendices
  more than one ox = oxen







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Short Vowels Review

     Hey guys!!! I have already returned to continue the second phase of the blog, something like a second season as in  television series ... lol ... I will continue with the same dynamics: each entry will be related to the lesson daily of VocabularySpellingCity, and this time we will be trying lists words for fourth grade.
     So we start with a reminder of a very important issue that we saw in the first stage: Short Vowels Sound
     When there is one vowel in a word, either at the beginning or between two consonants, it usually has the short vowel sound. A short vowel word is any word that does not allow the vowel within it to generate that vowel’s long vowel sound.For instance, the word bug is a short vowel word, because there is no long U sound. 
      You can see that a vowel is usually short when there is only one vowel in a word or syllable, as in cat, bed, and hot; but a word doesn’t necessarily have to have three letters to be a short vowel word, although it makes for the easiest example, and three-lettered words make up the bulk of any list of words with short vowels. However, there are exceptions to this rule, such as with irregular vowels.

 -I should get credit for access to my favorite college

farm ranch is abandoned.

-My shadow is cast on the wall when I interpose between it and the light.

-The drink is very chilly

-The girl put her head on the boy's chest and hugged him

-I have lunch at 2 pm every day.

-The frog jumps in puddles and likes hunting flies

-The girl split the candy to share with her ​​little sister

-The car trunk is full of luggage

-We must solve the exercise which left the teacher in math class

     Here you have a great list!!! and I leave you a  funny video about Short Vowels too.

1. Short vowel a words

ant

pan

wag

jam

cat

bad

ax

ran

flag

and

bat

dad

wax

van

cap

band

hat

has

can

gas

map

hand

pat

mad

fan

bag

nap

sand

rat

sad

man

tag

ham

lamp

sat

glass

2. Short vowel e words

egg

bed

test

jet

hen

fell

leg

fed

vest

met

men

hell

sled

red

west

net

pen

sell

step

nest

web

pet

ten

well

tent

rest

get

wet

bell

smell

3. Short vowel i words

dig

tip

hid

crib

sit

fill

pig

pin

kid

fist

bit

hill

wig

sin

lid

list

fit

kill

dip

tin

bib

milk

hit

pill

hip

win

fib

silk

pit

will

lip

did

rib

swim

mitt

him

4. Short vowel o words

God

hop

stop

jot

fox

cob

nod

mop

cot

not

ox

mob

pod

pop

dot

pot

box

rob

rod

top

got

rot

pox

sob

sod

drop

hot

tot

mom

pond

5. Short vowel u words

cub

gun

buzz

dug

tug

bus

tub

run

but

hug

cuff

dump

bud

sun

cut

jug

puff

hump

mud

cup

nut

mug

gum

jump

gull

pup

bug

rug

yum

pump