Adverbs

     An adverb is a part of speech  that is primarily used to modify a verb, adjective, or other adverb. Adverbs can also modify prepositional phrases, subordinate clauses, and complete sentences.
     We can see some examples when it modifies:
-a verb ------ He drove slowly. — How did he drive?
-an adjective ------ He drove a very fast car. — How fast was his car?
-another adverb ------ She moved quite slowly down the aisle. — How slowly did she move?
    The general rule to form adverbs is to add the suffix "-ly" to an adjective, equivalent to the ending"-mente" in Spanish: quick → quickly (rápido → rápidamente) ;  honest → honestly (honrado → honradamente). For adjectives ending in a consonant, "-y" change the ending "-y" by "-ily": easy → easily (fácil → fácilmente) ;
happy → happily (alegre → alegremente). Adjectives ending in "-ic" are changed to "-ically": automatic → automatically (automático → automáticamente) ;  tragic → tragically (trágico → trágicamente). In adjectives ending in "-le" is changed to "-ly": terrible → terribly (terrible → terriblemente)  ;  true → truly (verdad → verdaderamente). However, many words and phrases not ending in -ly serve an adverbial function (just, still, almost, not) and an -ly ending is not a guarantee that a word is an adverb. The words lovely, lonely, motherly, friendly, neighborly, for instance, are adjectives:
     The most used termination is shown in the examples of Spelling City:

        Adverbs are classified as:

Adverbs of Manner (carefully, correctly, eagerly, easily, fast, loudly, patiently, quickly, quietly, well)
   She moved slowly and spoke quietly.

Adverbs of Place (abroad, anywhere, downstairs, here, home, in, nowhere, out, outside, somewhere, there, underground, upstairs)
   She has lived on the island all her life.
   She still lives there now.

Adverbs of Frequency ( always, every, never, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes, usually)
   She takes the boat to the mainland every day.
   She often goes by herself.

Adverbs of Time (after, already, during, finally, just, last, later, next, now, recently, soon, then, tomorrow, when, while, yesterday)
   She tries to get back before dark.
   It's starting to get dark now.
   She finished her tea first.
   She left early.

Adverbs of Purpose (so, so that, to, in order to, because, since, accidentally, intentionally, purposely)
   She drives her boat slowly to avoid hitting the rocks.
   She shops in several stores to get the best buys.

R-Controlled Vowels

     You might have noticed that vowels sometimes sound a little different when they come before the letter r. Today we will learn about these vowels, called r-controlled vowels.
 

 
   Here are some of the sounds that vowels make before the letter r:
   When e is followed by r at the end of a word, it has the same sound as in the word her.
baker      butter      fern      lantern
  The letters i and u have the same sound as er at the end of a word or before another consonant.
skirt      curl      purse     shirt      dirt        bird     burn      Saturday
   The letter o can have the same sound as er in many common words. This happens after w:
world     word     work
   It always has this sound in a syllable that doesn’t have the main accent:
color      horror
   Elsewhere, or sounds like the squawk vowel most of the time when it comes before r at the end of a syllable.
formal      corn      sort      stork
   The letter a sounds like the a in ma and pa before r in these words:
car      farm       park       star      part
   The silent-e rule works well with vowels followed by r:  long a + r = hare; long i + r = fire
   The letter u sounds like “ you” before r in these words:
pure     cure      endure   
   Long o + r does not have the sound of long o for most people, but sounds like the squawk vowel.
store      more     core     tore
    At the end of 2-syllable words, the ure sounds like er:
picture       creature      feature      nature
   The regular vowel teams work well before r: deer, hair;   oa + r has the same sound as the squawk vowel: roar
   Irregular vowel teams make different sounds before r. Most of the time, the vowel pair ea sounds like long -e before r:  fear, spear, near.

Compound Words (II)

    HELLO BLOGGERS!!!
As we have seen above, compound words are very common in Spanish and also in English. A compound word is made when two words are joined to form a new word. For example:
Bed + time = bedtime
Eye + sight = eyesight
    Previously, Spelling City provided a list of  this words, let review:

  



  In this list there were some words that I ignored. So I sought its Spanish translation.
        firefly (luciérnaga)                                  fingerprint (huella dactilar)
        handstand (parada de manos)                snowflake (copo de nieve)

                                     sunburn (quemadura de sol)

  






   
  
     Today we are presented with a new list, here it is: 
checkout--- caja (drawer, box, crate, case, cash)              outside--- fuera (out, on the outside, out-of-door)

somewhere--- en algún lugar (someplace)                         sidewalk--- acera (pavement, footpath, pathway)

downtown--- centro de la ciudad (city center, midtown)    textbook--- libro de texto (schoolbook)
bookmark--- marcapáginas                                              snowball--- bola de nieve

sunlight--- luz solar (sunshine)                                            flashlight--- linterna eléctrica
 

-The customers waited to pay at the checkout.

-We like to go outside to play in the yard.

-Let´s go somewhere different for dinner.

-I walk on the sidewalk, not in the street.

-I work downtown in the business district.

-I studied a chapter in my Science textbook.

-A bookmark saves my place in the novel.

-She packed ice into a snowball and threw it.

-Some plants like bright sunlight and others grow under shade.

-Carry a flashlight to illuminated the dark path.

   

     As always, I invite you to consult Speling City, this time in the Articles section, where you will deepen in terms of compound words. To do this, click HERE. However, I leave the next list, I hope you will be helpful to developed your vocabulary, as I do.

More About Math Vocabulary

    Today we continue with more words related to mathematical vocabulary. In one of the first lessons of the course we had seen an instructive list, where I joined a new word to my cultural wealth: sort (ordenar). The following list, that is specific to the geometry, was also very helpful.

area---two dimensional measured space
angle---space between the meeting of two lines
vertex---the highest point of something
ray---a line, shaft, or beam; a light beam
face---the outer, prominent surface of something
base--- the lowest part of something
side---one line, or edge, thath bounds a shape
point---a precise location
polygon---closed plane figure with 3 or more straight sides
lines---thin, continuous marks

   To go deeper into this topic I suggest you access these lists of Math Vocabulary on VocabularySpellingCity.com.

Math Vocabulary Lists
By Grade
Kindergarten Math Words
1st Grade Math Words
2nd Grade Math Words
3rd Grade Math Words
4th Grade Math Words
5th Grade Math Words
6th Grade Math Words
7th Grade Math Words
8th Grade Math Words
High School Math Words
By Category Elementary School (K-5) Counting & Cardinality Algebraic Thinking Base Ten Operations Fractions Measurement & Data Geometry Middle School (6-8) Ratios & Proportions The Number System Expression & Equations Statistics & Probability Functions Geometry High School (9-12) Number & Quantity Algebra Modeling Statistics & Probability Functions Geometry

    Well, here I leave one of my custom lists, with other words of Math vocabulary. Enjoy it!!! Click here

Long /i/ Vowel Patterns

     Long vowel is the term used to refer to vowel sounds whose pronunciation is the same as its letter name. The five vowels of the English spelling system (a, e, i, o, and u) each have a corresponding long vowel sound. Long vowels are generally the easiest vowels for non-native English speakers to distinguish and pronounce correctly.  In previous lessons we had already seen the long sounds of a, e, o, u, so we only have the vowel i, and today is our focus.
The long i vowel sound can be spelled with various patterns.

 Both of these patterns have the sound of long (i). The vowel (i) followed by (gh), usually has a long (i) sound. Ej.:

blight	fight	insight	right
bright	flight	light	sigh
candlelight	flighty	lightning	sight
copyright	frighten	midnight	slight
daylight	high	might	thigh
delight	highjack	night	tight
enlighten	highness	plight	tonight

As you recall (-y) at the end of 2 syllable words, has a long (e) sound as in (any); (-y) at the end of 1 syllable words, has a long (i) sound as in (try). Ej.:

by	fly	my	sly
cry	fry	shy	try
dry	guy	sky	why

 To exercise this sound Spelling City gave the following list of words and there are the sentences of the writing practice.

-Pop is a kind of music.
-When he reaches adolescence, stop being a child.
-She listen more than normal because she is blind.
-The pilot landed the plane perfectly.
-Old photos remind me of you.
-I injured my thigh muscle doing excercise.
-The flight from Spain to Cuba lasts 9 hours.
-The lion is a stunning and mighty beast.
-You have no right to judge me without evidence.
-I'm in high school.